New 5G, New Antenna5G Antenna White Paper1 5G, Gear Up for the New MBB Era 01 1.1 Unprecedented 5G Development 01 1.2 All-Band Transition to Support 5G Services 02 2 Antennas Are Key Elements of 5G Networks 04 3 All-Band Beamforming Is a Fundamental Characteristic of 5G Antennas 06 3.1 Band-Level Minimum 4T4R Configuration for 5G Antennas 06 3.2 High-Precision Beamforming Is Mandatory for 5G Antennas 07 4 Coordinated Design Is a Fundamental Attribute of 5G Antennas 08 4.1 Component-Level Collaboration Ensures 5G Network Configuration and Performance 08 4.1.1 Array Amplitude and Phase Consistency Enable High-Precision NR Beamforming 08 4.1.2 High Power Capacity and Thermal Design Meet 5G Requirements 09 4.2 Product-Level Collaboration Simplifies 5G Network Deployment 10 4.2.1 Integration Between Active and Passive Antennas 10 4.2.2 Multi-Band Ultra-Wideband Independent Control 10 4.3 Feature-Level Collaboration Facilitates Implementation of 5G Features 11 4.3.1 5G Antennas Support All-Band Calibration 11 4.3.2 5G Antennas Support Weight Management 11 4.3.3 5G Antennas Support Beam Configuration 12 5 Smart, Simplified Management Reflects the Value of 5G Antennas 13 5.1 Scenario-Specific 3D Beam Adaptation 13 5.2 Intelligent Channel Shutdown 14 5.3 High-Precision Real-Time Terminal Positioning 15 6 Summary 16 7 Acronyms and Abbreviations 175G Antenna White Paper | 01 015G, Gear Up for the New MBB Era 1.1 Unprecedented 5G Development 5G is enjoying an unprecedented development, with the user base forecast to grow to 500 million in three years, a scale that 3G and 4G took nine and six years, respectively, to achieve. 2019 is the first year of 5G scaled commercial adoption, with more than 60 5G commercial networks projected to be globally deployed. By H1 of 2019, 19 telecom carriers in 11 countries announced the launch of 5G services. Scaled commercial rollouts have already kicked off in the UK, the US, Japan, South Korea, and China. Figure 1-1 Countries with scaled 5G deployments in 2019* Source: Huawei MI, 20192018.4 UK auctioned 3.4GHz 2019.6 Commercial eMBB 2018.11 Auctioned 28GHz 2018 FWA 2019 eMBB2019 Commercial 2020 Large-Scale commercial2018.6 Auctioned 3.5GHz & 28GHz 2019.6 Commercial eMBB 2019 Commercial 2020 Large-Scale commercial Global 5G spectrum auctioning also signifies 5G's rapid development. By H1 of 2019, more than 30 countries auctioned 5G spectrum, with C Band in 22 countries, mmWave in 5, the 2.6 GHz band in 4, and the 700 MHz band in 3. The US, Mexico, and Canada assigned 600 MHz band. It is predicted that 5G spectrum will be auctioned in over 80 countries by 2020. Figure 1-2 5G spectrum assignment from 2018 to 2019Assignments CompletedAssignments Planned Assignments Completed and Further Planned …… … ~2018 2019H 1 2019H 2 * Source: GSMA Intelligence, Apr, 201902 | 5G Antenna White Paper 5G provides users with a better experience and enables massive connectivity between people, between machines, and between people and machines. It supports low-latency transmissions, using which remote healthcare, VR/AR, self- driving, and other innovative services can be implemented, as illustrated in Figure 1-3. 5G services require 5G networks with 1000 times larger capacity and 10 to 100 times faster data speeds. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) sets 1 Gbit/ s as the benchmark for user-perceived peak rate, with an omnipresent perceived speed of 100 Mbit/s for outdoor places. The Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance put forward a similar set of standards that include a perceived speed of above 1 Gbit/s in dense-urban areas, a ubiquitous 100 Mbit/s in urban areas, and a pervasive 50 Mbit/s in suburban areas. 5G ecosystem has seen accelerated development in maturity. By Q2 of 2019, Qualcomm, Samsung, and Huawei have all launched terminal chips that support 5G NSA, SA, and NSA-SA and the interconnection tests have been completed. Commercial terminals have been launched. Till May